[run.sh] Coverage report first (always)
[coverage] 42/51 requirements have a scaffolded test (82.4%); 9 gap(s), 0 safety-critical gap(s).
[coverage] wrote /work/conformance/_artifacts/coverage/coverage.md and /work/conformance/_artifacts/coverage/coverage.json
[run.sh] No L0/L1 offline checks match the selection (layer=l3 reqs='R-STATE-03').
[run.sh] LIGHT pass: no tests selected.
[run.sh] HEAVY pass: 1 test(s) SERIAL (parallel=1) — dr-restore
Version: 0.2.12
Loading config (/work/conformance/config/chainsaw-config.yaml)...
- Using test file: chainsaw-test
- TestDirs [/work/conformance/tests/l3-fault-injection/dr-restore]
- SkipDelete false
- FailFast false
- ReportFormat 'JUNIT-TEST'
- ReportName 'chainsaw-report-heavy'
- ReportPath '/work/conformance/_artifacts'
- Namespace ''
- FullName false
- IncludeTestRegex ''
- ExcludeTestRegex ''
- ApplyTimeout 1m30s
- AssertTimeout 3m0s
- CleanupTimeout 2m0s
- DeleteTimeout 2m0s
- ErrorTimeout 1m0s
- ExecTimeout 3m0s
- DeletionPropagationPolicy Background
- Parallel 1
- Template true
- NoCluster false
- PauseOnFailure false
Loading tests...
- dr-restore (/work/conformance/tests/l3-fault-injection/dr-restore)
Loading values...
Running tests...
=== RUN   chainsaw
=== PAUSE chainsaw
=== CONT  chainsaw
=== RUN   chainsaw/dr-restore
=== PAUSE chainsaw/dr-restore
=== CONT  chainsaw/dr-restore
    l.go:52: | 00:19:07 | dr-restore | @chainsaw                                 | CREATE    | OK    | v1/Namespace @ chainsaw-cunning-hen
    l.go:52: | 00:19:07 | dr-restore | assert-backup-target-is-off-cluster       | TRY       | BEGIN |
    l.go:52: | 00:19:07 | dr-restore | assert-backup-target-is-off-cluster       | CMD       | RUN   |
        === COMMAND
        /usr/bin/sh -c set -eu
        
        # ---- helpers -------------------------------------------------------
        # Classify a kubectl failure: an RBAC denial is a HARNESS DEFECT and must
        # fail loudly; an absent API is a genuine precondition gap and may skip.
        die_or_skip() {
          case "$2" in
            *orbidden*|*Unauthorized*|*cannot\ list*|*cannot\ get*)
              echo "FAIL: conformance runner lacks RBAC for $1 -- fix conformance/incluster/rbac.yaml" >&2
              echo "$2" >&2
              exit 1 ;;
            *)
              echo "SKIP: $1 not available on this cluster -- $2"
              echo DR_RESTORE_SKIPPED_OK
              exit 0 ;;
          esac
        }
        
        ip2int() {
          _q="$(echo "$1" | tr '.' ' ')"
          set -- $_q
          [ $# -eq 4 ] || { echo -1; return 0; }
          echo $(( ($1 * 16777216) + ($2 * 65536) + ($3 * 256) + $4 ))
        }
        
        # in_cidr <ip> <a.b.c.d/len> -> 0 when the ip is inside the prefix
        in_cidr() {
          case "$2" in *"/"*) ;; *) return 1 ;; esac
          _net="${2%/*}"; _len="${2#*/}"
          case "$_len" in ''|*[!0-9]*) return 1 ;; esac
          [ "$_len" -ge 0 ] && [ "$_len" -le 32 ] || return 1
          _i="$(ip2int "$1")"; _n="$(ip2int "$_net")"
          [ "$_i" -ge 0 ] && [ "$_n" -ge 0 ] || return 1
          [ "$_len" -eq 0 ] && return 0
          _d=1; _s=0
          while [ "$_s" -lt $((32 - _len)) ]; do _d=$((_d * 2)); _s=$((_s + 1)); done
          [ $(( _i / _d )) -eq $(( _n / _d )) ]
        }
        
        # ---- Gate 1: the replicated storage tier the DR-critical data lives on --
        if ! kubectl get storageclass longhorn >/dev/null 2>&1; then
          echo "SKIP: 'longhorn' StorageClass absent -- no DR-critical data tier on this cluster yet"
          echo DR_RESTORE_SKIPPED_OK
          exit 0
        fi
        
        # ---- Gate 2: the Velero API + a configured BackupStorageLocation --------
        BSL_LINES="$(kubectl get backupstoragelocations.velero.io -A \
          -o jsonpath='{range .items[*]}{.metadata.namespace}{" "}{.metadata.name}{" "}{.status.phase}{" "}{.spec.provider}{" "}{.spec.default}{" "}{.spec.config.s3Url}{" "}{.spec.objectStorage.bucket}{"\n"}{end}' \
          2>&1)" || die_or_skip "velero.io/backupstoragelocations" "$BSL_LINES"
        if [ -z "$(echo "$BSL_LINES" | tr -d '[:space:]')" ]; then
          echo "SKIP: Velero API present but NO BackupStorageLocation is configured -- no off-cluster backup target yet"
          echo DR_RESTORE_SKIPPED_OK
          exit 0
        fi
        echo "backup storage locations:"
        echo "$BSL_LINES"
        
        VNS="$(echo "$BSL_LINES" | head -1 | cut -d' ' -f1)"
        
        # ---- Gate 3: Velero server + node-agent (kopia FSB) actually ready -------
        # File System Backup is the volume-DATA path (platform/velero/helmrelease.yaml:
        # deployNodeAgent=true, uploaderType=kopia, snapshotsEnabled=false). Without a
        # ready node-agent no volume data can be captured, so the drill is not runnable.
        VREADY=0; NAREADY=0
        for i in $(seq 1 12); do
          VREADY="$(kubectl -n "$VNS" get deploy velero -o jsonpath='{.status.readyReplicas}' 2>/dev/null || true)"
          NAREADY="$(kubectl -n "$VNS" get daemonset node-agent -o jsonpath='{.status.numberReady}' 2>/dev/null || true)"
          echo "poll $i: velero readyReplicas=${VREADY:-0} node-agent numberReady=${NAREADY:-0}"
          if [ "${VREADY:-0}" -ge 1 ] && [ "${NAREADY:-0}" -ge 1 ]; then break; fi
          sleep 10
        done
        if [ "${VREADY:-0}" -lt 1 ] || [ "${NAREADY:-0}" -lt 1 ]; then
          echo "SKIP: Velero server and/or its node-agent DaemonSet are not ready in ns '$VNS' -- backup/restore path not available"
          echo DR_RESTORE_SKIPPED_OK
          exit 0
        fi
        
        # ---- Pick the BSL this drill will use: prefer the default, and it MUST be
        #      Available. A CONFIGURED-BUT-UNAVAILABLE target is NOT a precondition
        #      gap -- it is a live R-STATE-03 defect, so it FAILS (after a bounded
        #      wait for first-validation on a cold start), it does not skip. --------
        BSL_NS=""; BSL_NAME=""; BSL_URL=""; BSL_BUCKET=""
        for i in $(seq 1 12); do
          BSL_LINES="$(kubectl get backupstoragelocations.velero.io -A \
            -o jsonpath='{range .items[*]}{.metadata.namespace}{" "}{.metadata.name}{" "}{.status.phase}{" "}{.spec.provider}{" "}{.spec.default}{" "}{.spec.config.s3Url}{" "}{.spec.objectStorage.bucket}{"\n"}{end}' 2>/dev/null || true)"
          CAND="$(echo "$BSL_LINES" | grep ' Available ' | grep ' true ' | head -1 || true)"
          [ -n "$CAND" ] || CAND="$(echo "$BSL_LINES" | grep ' Available ' | head -1 || true)"
          if [ -n "$CAND" ]; then
            BSL_NS="$(echo "$CAND" | cut -d' ' -f1)"
            BSL_NAME="$(echo "$CAND" | cut -d' ' -f2)"
            BSL_URL="$(echo "$CAND" | cut -d' ' -f6)"
            BSL_BUCKET="$(echo "$CAND" | cut -d' ' -f7)"
            break
          fi
          echo "poll $i: no Available BackupStorageLocation yet"
          sleep 10
        done
        if [ -z "$BSL_NAME" ]; then
          echo "FAIL: a BackupStorageLocation is configured but NONE reached phase 'Available'." >&2
          echo "      The off-cluster backup target is unreachable -- R-STATE-03 is BROKEN, not merely untested." >&2
          echo "$BSL_LINES" >&2
          exit 1
        fi
        echo "using BSL ${BSL_NS}/${BSL_NAME}  bucket=${BSL_BUCKET}  endpoint=${BSL_URL}"
        
        # ---- OFF-CLUSTER PROOF (1): an endpoint we can evaluate ------------------
        if [ -z "$BSL_URL" ]; then
          echo "FAIL: BackupStorageLocation ${BSL_NS}/${BSL_NAME} exposes no spec.config.s3Url;" >&2
          echo "      the OFF-CLUSTER property of the backup target cannot be established, so this" >&2
          echo "      test refuses to claim it. (Extend this check for a non-S3 provider.)" >&2
          exit 1
        fi
        HOST="${BSL_URL#*://}"      # strip scheme
        HOST="${HOST%%/*}"          # strip path
        HOST="${HOST%%:*}"          # strip port
        echo "backup endpoint host: $HOST"
        
        case "$HOST" in
          localhost|*.svc|*.svc.cluster.local|*.cluster.local)
            echo "FAIL: backup endpoint '$HOST' is a CLUSTER-INTERNAL name -- the backup target is IN the cluster." >&2
            echo "      An in-cluster backup store cannot satisfy R-STATE-03 (off-cluster backup)." >&2
            exit 1 ;;
        esac
        
        # Resolve to an IPv4 address. If it cannot be resolved we CANNOT establish the
        # off-cluster property -- that is a failure, never a silent pass.
        case "$HOST" in
          *[!0-9.]*)
            # Endpoint given as a name. Try the resolvers that may exist in the
            # runner image, in order; if none is available or none resolves, the
            # test FAILS below rather than guessing.
            EPIP="$(getent ahostsv4 "$HOST" 2>/dev/null | head -1 | cut -d' ' -f1 || true)"
            [ -n "$EPIP" ] || EPIP="$(getent hosts "$HOST" 2>/dev/null | head -1 | cut -d' ' -f1 || true)"
            [ -n "$EPIP" ] || EPIP="$(nslookup "$HOST" 2>/dev/null | grep -A2 '^Name:' | grep '^Address' | head -1 | sed 's/.*: *//' || true)" ;;
          *) EPIP="$HOST" ;;
        esac
        if [ -z "$EPIP" ]; then
          echo "FAIL: could not resolve backup endpoint host '$HOST' to an IPv4 address;" >&2
          echo "      the OFF-CLUSTER property cannot be asserted, so this test does not pass." >&2
          exit 1
        fi
        echo "backup endpoint resolves to: $EPIP"
        
        # ---- OFF-CLUSTER PROOF (2): the endpoint is outside every cluster address --
        case "$EPIP" in 127.*|0.0.0.0) echo "FAIL: backup endpoint $EPIP is loopback -- not off-cluster" >&2; exit 1 ;; esac
        
        NODE_IPS="$(kubectl get nodes -o jsonpath='{range .items[*]}{range .status.addresses[*]}{.address}{"\n"}{end}{end}' 2>/dev/null || true)"
        for a in $NODE_IPS; do
          if [ "$a" = "$EPIP" ]; then
            echo "FAIL: backup endpoint $EPIP is a NODE address of this cluster -- the backup is not off-cluster." >&2
            exit 1
          fi
        done
        echo "endpoint is not any node address (checked $(echo "$NODE_IPS" | grep -c . || true) node addresses)"
        
        SVC_IPS="$(kubectl get svc -A -o jsonpath='{range .items[*]}{.spec.clusterIP}{"\n"}{end}' 2>/dev/null || true)"
        for a in $SVC_IPS; do
          if [ "$a" = "$EPIP" ]; then
            echo "FAIL: backup endpoint $EPIP is a Service ClusterIP -- the backup target lives INSIDE the cluster." >&2
            exit 1
          fi
        done
        echo "endpoint is not any Service ClusterIP (checked $(echo "$SVC_IPS" | grep -c . || true))"
        
        POD_IPS="$(kubectl get pods -A -o jsonpath='{range .items[*]}{.status.podIP}{"\n"}{end}' 2>/dev/null || true)"
        for a in $POD_IPS; do
          if [ "$a" = "$EPIP" ]; then
            echo "FAIL: backup endpoint $EPIP is a POD IP -- the backup target is an in-cluster pod." >&2
            exit 1
          fi
        done
        echo "endpoint is not any Pod IP (checked $(echo "$POD_IPS" | grep -c . || true))"
        
        POD_CIDRS="$(kubectl get nodes -o jsonpath='{range .items[*]}{.spec.podCIDR}{"\n"}{range .spec.podCIDRs[*]}{@}{"\n"}{end}{end}' 2>/dev/null || true)"
        for c in $POD_CIDRS; do
          case "$c" in *:*) continue ;; esac      # IPv6 prefixes are out of scope here
          if in_cidr "$EPIP" "$c"; then
            echo "FAIL: backup endpoint $EPIP falls inside node podCIDR $c -- it is in the cluster pod network." >&2
            exit 1
          fi
        done
        echo "endpoint is outside every node podCIDR (checked: $(echo "$POD_CIDRS" | tr '\n' ' '))"
        
        # Best-effort (needs networking.k8s.io/ServiceCIDR, which the least-privilege
        # runner may not read): the checks above are the authoritative ones.
        SVC_CIDRS="$(kubectl get servicecidrs.networking.k8s.io -o jsonpath='{range .items[*]}{range .spec.cidrs[*]}{@}{"\n"}{end}{end}' 2>/dev/null || true)"
        if [ -n "$SVC_CIDRS" ]; then
          for c in $SVC_CIDRS; do
            case "$c" in *:*) continue ;; esac
            if in_cidr "$EPIP" "$c"; then
              echo "FAIL: backup endpoint $EPIP falls inside the Service CIDR $c -- it is in the cluster." >&2
              exit 1
            fi
          done
          echo "endpoint is outside every ServiceCIDR ($(echo "$SVC_CIDRS" | tr '\n' ' '))"
        else
          echo "(ServiceCIDR objects unreadable -- skipping that best-effort check; ClusterIP/PodIP/podCIDR checks stand)"
        fi
        
        echo "OFF_CLUSTER_TARGET_OK  bsl=${BSL_NS}/${BSL_NAME} endpoint=${EPIP} bucket=${BSL_BUCKET}"
    l.go:52: | 00:19:11 | dr-restore | assert-backup-target-is-off-cluster       | SCRIPT    | LOG   |
        === STDOUT
        backup storage locations:
        velero default Available aws true http://192.168.1.9:9000 velero
        poll 1: velero readyReplicas=1 node-agent numberReady=3
        using BSL velero/default  bucket=velero  endpoint=http://192.168.1.9:9000
        backup endpoint host: 192.168.1.9
        backup endpoint resolves to: 192.168.1.9
        endpoint is not any node address (checked 6 node addresses)
        endpoint is not any Service ClusterIP (checked 81)
        endpoint is not any Pod IP (checked 186)
        endpoint is outside every node podCIDR (checked: 10.42.0.0/24 10.42.0.0/24 10.42.1.0/24 10.42.1.0/24 10.42.2.0/24 10.42.2.0/24 )
        endpoint is outside every ServiceCIDR (10.43.0.0/16 )
        OFF_CLUSTER_TARGET_OK  bsl=velero/default endpoint=192.168.1.9 bucket=velero
    l.go:52: | 00:19:11 | dr-restore | assert-backup-target-is-off-cluster       | SCRIPT    | DONE  |
    l.go:52: | 00:19:11 | dr-restore | assert-backup-target-is-off-cluster       | TRY       | END   |
    l.go:52: | 00:19:11 | dr-restore | assert-backups-are-scheduled              | TRY       | BEGIN |
    l.go:52: | 00:19:11 | dr-restore | assert-backups-are-scheduled              | CMD       | RUN   |
        === COMMAND
        /usr/bin/sh -c set -eu
        SCHED="$(kubectl get schedules.velero.io -A \
          -o jsonpath='{range .items[*]}{.metadata.namespace}{"/"}{.metadata.name}{" phase="}{.status.phase}{" cron="}{.spec.schedule}{" lastBackup="}{.status.lastBackup}{"\n"}{end}' 2>/dev/null || true)"
        if [ -z "$(echo "$SCHED" | tr -d '[:space:]')" ]; then
          # Distinguish "Velero absent" (skip, in lock-step with step 1) from
          # "Velero present but nothing scheduled" (a real R-STATE-03 defect).
          if kubectl get backupstoragelocations.velero.io -A >/dev/null 2>&1; then
            if [ -z "$(kubectl get backupstoragelocations.velero.io -A -o name 2>/dev/null || true)" ]; then
              echo "SKIP: no BackupStorageLocation configured -- scheduling not applicable yet"
              echo DR_SCHEDULE_SKIPPED_OK
              exit 0
            fi
            echo "FAIL: Velero is configured with a backup target but declares NO Schedule --" >&2
            echo "      R-STATE-03 requires SCHEDULED off-cluster backups, not manual ones." >&2
            exit 1
          fi
          echo "SKIP: Velero API absent -- backup scheduling not applicable on this cluster yet"
          echo DR_SCHEDULE_SKIPPED_OK
          exit 0
        fi
        echo "velero schedules:"
        echo "$SCHED"
        # A Schedule that exists but is paused/disabled backs nothing up.
        if echo "$SCHED" | grep -q 'phase=Enabled'; then
          echo BACKUPS_ARE_SCHEDULED_OK
        else
          echo "FAIL: no Velero Schedule is in phase 'Enabled' -- scheduled off-cluster backups are not running." >&2
          exit 1
        fi
    l.go:52: | 00:19:11 | dr-restore | assert-backups-are-scheduled              | SCRIPT    | LOG   |
        === STDOUT
        velero schedules:
        velero/velero-daily phase=Enabled cron=0 3 * * * lastBackup=2026-09-01T03:00:27Z
        velero/velero-daily-resources-only phase=Enabled cron=0 3 * * * lastBackup=2026-09-01T03:00:27Z
        BACKUPS_ARE_SCHEDULED_OK
    l.go:52: | 00:19:11 | dr-restore | assert-backups-are-scheduled              | SCRIPT    | DONE  |
    l.go:52: | 00:19:11 | dr-restore | assert-backups-are-scheduled              | TRY       | END   |
    l.go:52: | 00:19:11 | dr-restore | data-restores-from-the-off-cluster-backup | TRY       | BEGIN |
    l.go:52: | 00:19:11 | dr-restore | data-restores-from-the-off-cluster-backup | CMD       | RUN   |
        === COMMAND
        /usr/bin/sh -c set -eu
        NS="$NAMESPACE"
        SRC="${NS}-dr-src"          # scratch source namespace (destroyed by design)
        DST="${NS}-dr-dst"          # clean restore target (must not pre-exist)
        BK="${NS}-dr-backup"
        RS="${NS}-dr-restore"
        OWNER_LABEL="conformance.home.k3s/created-by=${NS}"
        
        # ---- Re-derive the preconditions (steps do not share shell state). Every
        #      skip below mirrors step 1 exactly, so the whole test skips or runs
        #      as a unit -- it can never half-run. -----------------------------
        if ! kubectl get storageclass longhorn >/dev/null 2>&1; then
          echo "SKIP: 'longhorn' StorageClass absent"; echo DR_RESTORE_SKIPPED_OK; exit 0
        fi
        BSL_LINES="$(kubectl get backupstoragelocations.velero.io -A \
          -o jsonpath='{range .items[*]}{.metadata.namespace}{" "}{.metadata.name}{" "}{.status.phase}{" "}{.spec.default}{"\n"}{end}' 2>/dev/null || true)"
        CAND="$(echo "$BSL_LINES" | grep ' Available ' | grep ' true$' | head -1 || true)"
        [ -n "$CAND" ] || CAND="$(echo "$BSL_LINES" | grep ' Available ' | head -1 || true)"
        if [ -z "$CAND" ]; then
          echo "SKIP: no Available BackupStorageLocation (see the off-cluster step for the authoritative verdict)"
          echo DR_RESTORE_SKIPPED_OK; exit 0
        fi
        VNS="$(echo "$CAND" | cut -d' ' -f1)"
        BSL_NAME="$(echo "$CAND" | cut -d' ' -f2)"
        if [ "$(kubectl -n "$VNS" get daemonset node-agent -o jsonpath='{.status.numberReady}' 2>/dev/null || echo 0)" -lt 1 ]; then
          echo "SKIP: Velero node-agent (kopia FSB) not ready -- volume data cannot be backed up"
          echo DR_RESTORE_SKIPPED_OK; exit 0
        fi
        echo "velero ns=$VNS bsl=$BSL_NAME src=$SRC dst=$DST"
        
        # A clean restore target means PREVIOUSLY NONEXISTENT, and the source name must
        # be free. If either is lying around from an aborted run, remove it before we
        # claim "clean" -- and fail loudly if it will not go, because a half-deleted
        # namespace would silently invalidate the destroy proof below.
        kubectl delete namespace "$DST" "$SRC" --ignore-not-found --wait=true --timeout=300s
        
        # ============================ GIVEN ==============================
        # A DR-critical stateful workload with known data on the replicated tier.
        CANARY="dr-canary-$(date +%s%N)"
        kubectl create namespace "$SRC"
        kubectl label namespace "$SRC" "$OWNER_LABEL" --overwrite
        
        kubectl -n "$SRC" apply -f - <<EOF
        apiVersion: v1
        kind: PersistentVolumeClaim
        metadata:
          name: dr-data
          labels:
            conformance.home.k3s/created-by: ${NS}
        spec:
          accessModes: [ReadWriteOnce]
          storageClassName: longhorn
          resources:
            requests:
              storage: 1Gi
        EOF
        
        kubectl -n "$SRC" apply -f - <<EOF
        apiVersion: v1
        kind: Pod
        metadata:
          name: dr-workload
          labels:
            app: dr-workload
            conformance.home.k3s/created-by: ${NS}
        spec:
          restartPolicy: Never
          containers:
            - name: app
              image: busybox:1.36.1
              command: ["sh", "-c", "sleep 7200"]
              volumeMounts:
                - name: data
                  mountPath: /data
          volumes:
            - name: data
              persistentVolumeClaim:
                claimName: dr-data
        EOF
        
        kubectl -n "$SRC" wait --for=condition=Ready pod/dr-workload --timeout=300s
        printf '%s' "$CANARY" | kubectl -n "$SRC" exec -i dr-workload -- sh -c 'cat > /data/canary && sync'
        echo "seeded canary: $(kubectl -n "$SRC" exec dr-workload -- cat /data/canary)"
        
        ORIG_PV="$(kubectl -n "$SRC" get pvc dr-data -o jsonpath='{.spec.volumeName}')"
        [ -n "$ORIG_PV" ] || { echo "FAIL: source PVC never bound to a PV" >&2; exit 1; }
        echo "original in-cluster PersistentVolume: $ORIG_PV"
        
        # ======================= WHEN (part 1): back up off-cluster =======
        # Created as a Velero Backup CR -- exactly what `velero backup create` does.
        # defaultVolumesToFsBackup:true selects the kopia File System Backup path, so
        # the VOLUME DATA (not just the resource JSON) is uploaded to the object store.
        # ttl is short: if the finally-step DeleteBackupRequest is ever lost, Velero's
        # own GC still removes this drill's objects from the bucket.
        kubectl apply -f - <<EOF
        apiVersion: velero.io/v1
        kind: Backup
        metadata:
          name: ${BK}
          namespace: ${VNS}
          labels:
            conformance.home.k3s/created-by: ${NS}
        spec:
          includedNamespaces: [${SRC}]
          storageLocation: ${BSL_NAME}
          snapshotVolumes: false
          defaultVolumesToFsBackup: true
          ttl: 2h0m0s
        EOF
        
        BPHASE=""
        for i in $(seq 1 90); do
          BPHASE="$(kubectl -n "$VNS" get backups.velero.io "$BK" -o jsonpath='{.status.phase}' 2>/dev/null || true)"
          echo "poll $i: backup phase=${BPHASE:-<pending>}"
          case "${BPHASE:-}" in
            Completed|Failed|PartiallyFailed|FailedValidation) break ;;
          esac
          sleep 10
        done
        if [ "${BPHASE:-}" != "Completed" ]; then
          echo "FAIL: off-cluster backup did not complete (phase=${BPHASE:-<timeout>})" >&2
          kubectl -n "$VNS" get backups.velero.io "$BK" -o yaml >&2 || true
          exit 1
        fi
        echo "backup $BK Completed to ${BSL_NAME}"
        
        # ---- OFF-CLUSTER PROOF (3): the VOLUME DATA really landed in the remote
        #      kopia repository -- a PodVolumeBackup Completed with a snapshot ID.
        PVB="$(kubectl -n "$VNS" get podvolumebackups.velero.io \
                 -l velero.io/backup-name="$BK" \
                 -o jsonpath='{range .items[*]}{.metadata.name}{" "}{.status.phase}{" "}{.status.snapshotID}{"\n"}{end}' 2>/dev/null || true)"
        echo "pod volume backups:"
        echo "$PVB"
        if [ -z "$(echo "$PVB" | tr -d '[:space:]')" ]; then
          echo "FAIL: the backup captured NO pod volume data (no PodVolumeBackup)." >&2
          echo "      Resource-only backups cannot restore DR-critical DATA." >&2
          exit 1
        fi
        # A line is "<name> <phase> <snapshotID>"; require Completed AND a
        # non-empty snapshot ID (an empty ID means nothing reached the repository).
        GOOD_PVB="$(echo "$PVB" | grep -cE ' Completed [^[:space:]]+$' || true)"
        if [ "${GOOD_PVB:-0}" -lt 1 ]; then
          echo "FAIL: no PodVolumeBackup reached phase Completed with a snapshot ID --" >&2
          echo "      the volume data did not reach the off-cluster repository." >&2
          exit 1
        fi
        echo "volume data uploaded off-cluster (PodVolumeBackup Completed with a kopia snapshotID)"
        
        # ============ WHEN (part 2): FAULT INJECTION -- annihilate the source ====
        # Destroy EVERY in-cluster copy: the pod, the PVC, the namespace, and the
        # underlying PersistentVolume (and with it the Longhorn replicas). After this
        # there is no in-cluster source the restore could quietly read from.
        kubectl delete namespace "$SRC" --wait=true --timeout=420s
        for i in $(seq 1 30); do
          if ! kubectl get namespace "$SRC" >/dev/null 2>&1; then break; fi
          echo "poll $i: waiting for namespace $SRC to disappear"
          sleep 10
        done
        if kubectl get namespace "$SRC" >/dev/null 2>&1; then
          echo "FAIL: source namespace $SRC did not terminate; the destroy step is not convincing" >&2
          exit 1
        fi
        echo "source namespace destroyed"
        
        # The longhorn StorageClass reclaims Delete, so the PV should already be gone;
        # force it if a Retain policy (or a stuck finalizer) left it behind, because a
        # surviving PV would make the restore prove nothing about off-cluster recovery.
        kubectl delete pv "$ORIG_PV" --ignore-not-found --wait=false || true
        for i in $(seq 1 30); do
          if ! kubectl get pv "$ORIG_PV" >/dev/null 2>&1; then break; fi
          echo "poll $i: waiting for PersistentVolume $ORIG_PV to disappear"
          sleep 10
        done
        if kubectl get pv "$ORIG_PV" >/dev/null 2>&1; then
          echo "FAIL: the original PersistentVolume $ORIG_PV SURVIVED the destroy step." >&2
          echo "      An in-cluster copy of the data still exists, so a successful restore" >&2
          echo "      would NOT prove recovery from the off-cluster backup. Refusing to pass." >&2
          exit 1
        fi
        echo "original PersistentVolume $ORIG_PV is GONE -- no in-cluster copy of the data remains"
        
        # Best-effort corroboration (the least-privilege runner may not read longhorn.io):
        # the Longhorn Volume CR and its replicas should be gone too.
        if kubectl -n longhorn-system get volumes.longhorn.io "$ORIG_PV" >/dev/null 2>&1; then
          echo "FAIL: Longhorn Volume $ORIG_PV still exists after PV deletion -- replicas survive in-cluster" >&2
          exit 1
        fi
        echo "(longhorn Volume CR $ORIG_PV not present -- either deleted or not readable by this identity)"
        
        # ============================ RESTORE ============================
        # Into a CLEAN, previously-nonexistent namespace (Velero creates it), which is
        # the catalog's "restored into a clean state".
        kubectl apply -f - <<EOF
        apiVersion: velero.io/v1
        kind: Restore
        metadata:
          name: ${RS}
          namespace: ${VNS}
          labels:
            conformance.home.k3s/created-by: ${NS}
        spec:
          backupName: ${BK}
          includedNamespaces: [${SRC}]
          namespaceMapping:
            ${SRC}: ${DST}
          existingResourcePolicy: none
        EOF
        
        RPHASE=""
        for i in $(seq 1 90); do
          RPHASE="$(kubectl -n "$VNS" get restores.velero.io "$RS" -o jsonpath='{.status.phase}' 2>/dev/null || true)"
          echo "poll $i: restore phase=${RPHASE:-<pending>}"
          case "${RPHASE:-}" in
            Completed|Failed|PartiallyFailed|FailedValidation) break ;;
          esac
          sleep 10
        done
        if [ "${RPHASE:-}" != "Completed" ]; then
          echo "FAIL: restore did not complete (phase=${RPHASE:-<timeout>})" >&2
          kubectl -n "$VNS" get restores.velero.io "$RS" -o yaml >&2 || true
          kubectl -n "$VNS" get podvolumerestores.velero.io -l velero.io/restore-name="$RS" -o wide >&2 || true
          exit 1
        fi
        echo "restore $RS Completed into $DST"
        
        # ============================= THEN ==============================
        # The service returns WITH ITS DATA. With kopia FSB the restored pod carries a
        # `restore-wait` init container that blocks until the node-agent has written the
        # volume contents back, so Ready here already implies the data landed.
        if ! kubectl -n "$DST" wait --for=condition=Ready pod/dr-workload --timeout=600s; then
          echo "FAIL: restored workload never became Ready in the clean namespace $DST" >&2
          kubectl -n "$DST" describe pod dr-workload >&2 || true
          kubectl -n "$VNS" get podvolumerestores.velero.io -l velero.io/restore-name="$RS" -o wide >&2 || true
          exit 1
        fi
        
        NEW_PV="$(kubectl -n "$DST" get pvc dr-data -o jsonpath='{.spec.volumeName}' 2>/dev/null || true)"
        echo "restored PVC bound to PersistentVolume: ${NEW_PV:-<none>}"
        [ -n "$NEW_PV" ] || { echo "FAIL: restored PVC did not bind a PV" >&2; exit 1; }
        if [ "$NEW_PV" = "$ORIG_PV" ]; then
          echo "FAIL: the restored PVC rebound the ORIGINAL PersistentVolume ($ORIG_PV)." >&2
          echo "      That is an in-cluster survival, not an off-cluster restore." >&2
          exit 1
        fi
        echo "restored onto a NEW volume ($NEW_PV != $ORIG_PV) -- the data came from outside the cluster"
        
        GOT="$(kubectl -n "$DST" exec dr-workload -- cat /data/canary)"
        echo "recovered='$GOT' expected='$CANARY'"
        if [ "$GOT" != "$CANARY" ]; then
          echo "FAIL: restored data does not match what was backed up -- DR restore lost/corrupted data" >&2
          exit 1
        fi
        
        echo DR_RESTORED_FROM_OFF_CLUSTER_BACKUP_OK
    l.go:52: | 00:21:16 | dr-restore | data-restores-from-the-off-cluster-backup | SCRIPT    | LOG   |
        === STDOUT
        velero ns=velero bsl=default src=chainsaw-cunning-hen-dr-src dst=chainsaw-cunning-hen-dr-dst
        namespace/chainsaw-cunning-hen-dr-src created
        namespace/chainsaw-cunning-hen-dr-src labeled
        persistentvolumeclaim/dr-data created
        pod/dr-workload created
        pod/dr-workload condition met
        seeded canary: dr-canary-1788308352223263220
        original in-cluster PersistentVolume: pvc-b9523c15-770e-4fc5-8130-ca2e9d9da745
        backup.velero.io/chainsaw-cunning-hen-dr-backup created
        poll 1: backup phase=InProgress
        poll 2: backup phase=InProgress
        poll 3: backup phase=Completed
        backup chainsaw-cunning-hen-dr-backup Completed to default
        pod volume backups:
        chainsaw-cunning-hen-dr-backup-l95lw Completed 47fa2737115e17142fb41857cef4e779
        volume data uploaded off-cluster (PodVolumeBackup Completed with a kopia snapshotID)
        namespace "chainsaw-cunning-hen-dr-src" deleted
        source namespace destroyed
        original PersistentVolume pvc-b9523c15-770e-4fc5-8130-ca2e9d9da745 is GONE -- no in-cluster copy of the data remains
        (longhorn Volume CR pvc-b9523c15-770e-4fc5-8130-ca2e9d9da745 not present -- either deleted or not readable by this identity)
        restore.velero.io/chainsaw-cunning-hen-dr-restore created
        poll 1: restore phase=InProgress
        poll 2: restore phase=InProgress
        poll 3: restore phase=InProgress
        poll 4: restore phase=Completed
        restore chainsaw-cunning-hen-dr-restore Completed into chainsaw-cunning-hen-dr-dst
        pod/dr-workload condition met
        restored PVC bound to PersistentVolume: pvc-63c47973-9c7f-4423-a27e-caa008026e49
        restored onto a NEW volume (pvc-63c47973-9c7f-4423-a27e-caa008026e49 != pvc-b9523c15-770e-4fc5-8130-ca2e9d9da745) -- the data came from outside the cluster
        recovered='dr-canary-1788308352223263220' expected='dr-canary-1788308352223263220'
        DR_RESTORED_FROM_OFF_CLUSTER_BACKUP_OK
        === STDERR
        Defaulted container "app" out of: app, restore-wait (init)
    l.go:52: | 00:21:16 | dr-restore | data-restores-from-the-off-cluster-backup | SCRIPT    | DONE  |
    l.go:52: | 00:21:16 | dr-restore | data-restores-from-the-off-cluster-backup | TRY       | END   |
    l.go:52: | 00:21:16 | dr-restore | data-restores-from-the-off-cluster-backup | FINALLY   | BEGIN |
    l.go:52: | 00:21:16 | dr-restore | data-restores-from-the-off-cluster-backup | CMD       | RUN   |
        === COMMAND
        /usr/bin/sh -c set -u
        NS="$NAMESPACE"
        SRC="${NS}-dr-src"; DST="${NS}-dr-dst"; BK="${NS}-dr-backup"; RS="${NS}-dr-restore"
        
        VNS="$(kubectl get backupstoragelocations.velero.io -A -o jsonpath='{.items[0].metadata.namespace}' 2>/dev/null || true)"
        
        # Velero objects first: a DeleteBackupRequest makes Velero remove the backup
        # DATA from the off-cluster bucket, not just the CR (self-cleaning contract).
        if [ -n "$VNS" ]; then
          kubectl -n "$VNS" delete restores.velero.io "$RS" --ignore-not-found --wait=false || true
          if kubectl -n "$VNS" get backups.velero.io "$BK" >/dev/null 2>&1; then
            kubectl apply -f - <<EOF || true
        apiVersion: velero.io/v1
        kind: DeleteBackupRequest
        metadata:
          name: ${BK}-delete
          namespace: ${VNS}
          labels:
            conformance.home.k3s/created-by: ${NS}
        spec:
          backupName: ${BK}
        EOF
            for i in $(seq 1 18); do
              kubectl -n "$VNS" get backups.velero.io "$BK" >/dev/null 2>&1 || break
              sleep 10
            done
            # Backstop if Velero could not process the request (the 2h ttl also GCs it).
            kubectl -n "$VNS" delete backups.velero.io "$BK" --ignore-not-found --wait=false || true
            kubectl -n "$VNS" delete deletebackuprequests.velero.io "${BK}-delete" --ignore-not-found --wait=false || true
          fi
          echo "velero objects for $NS cleaned up (ns $VNS)"
        fi
        
        # Scratch namespaces (both, in case the run aborted at any point).
        for n in "$DST" "$SRC"; do
          kubectl delete namespace "$n" --ignore-not-found --wait=false || true
        done
        # Anything left labelled as ours (defensive; the two names above are the only
        # namespaces this test ever creates).
        kubectl delete namespace -l "conformance.home.k3s/created-by=${NS}" --ignore-not-found --wait=false || true
        
        # Released PVs from either namespace's PVCs would otherwise leak storage.
        for pv in $(kubectl get pv -o jsonpath='{range .items[*]}{.metadata.name}{" "}{.spec.claimRef.namespace}{"\n"}{end}' 2>/dev/null | grep -E " (${SRC}|${DST})$" | cut -d' ' -f1 || true); do
          kubectl delete pv "$pv" --ignore-not-found --wait=false || true
          echo "released leftover PersistentVolume: $pv"
        done
        
        echo "dr-restore teardown complete (best-effort; every object was created by this test)"
    l.go:52: | 00:21:28 | dr-restore | data-restores-from-the-off-cluster-backup | SCRIPT    | LOG   |
        === STDOUT
        restore.velero.io "chainsaw-cunning-hen-dr-restore" deleted from velero namespace
        deletebackuprequest.velero.io/chainsaw-cunning-hen-dr-backup-delete created
        velero objects for chainsaw-cunning-hen cleaned up (ns velero)
        namespace "chainsaw-cunning-hen-dr-dst" deleted
        namespace "chainsaw-cunning-hen-dr-dst" deleted
        persistentvolume "pvc-63c47973-9c7f-4423-a27e-caa008026e49" deleted
        released leftover PersistentVolume: pvc-63c47973-9c7f-4423-a27e-caa008026e49
        dr-restore teardown complete (best-effort; every object was created by this test)
    l.go:52: | 00:21:28 | dr-restore | data-restores-from-the-off-cluster-backup | SCRIPT    | DONE  |
    l.go:52: | 00:21:28 | dr-restore | data-restores-from-the-off-cluster-backup | FINALLY   | END   |
    l.go:52: | 00:21:28 | dr-restore | @chainsaw                                 | CLEANUP   | BEGIN |
    l.go:52: | 00:21:28 | dr-restore | @chainsaw                                 | DELETE    | OK    | v1/Namespace @ chainsaw-cunning-hen
    l.go:52: | 00:21:36 | dr-restore | @chainsaw                                 | CLEANUP   | END   |
--- PASS: chainsaw (0.00s)
    --- PASS: chainsaw/dr-restore (149.05s)
PASS
Tests Summary...
- Passed  tests 1
- Failed  tests 0
- Skipped tests 0
Done.
merge_junit: merged 1 report(s) -> /work/conformance/_artifacts/report.junit.xml (tests=1 failures=0 errors=0 skipped=0)
[run.sh] Done. JUnit: /work/conformance/_artifacts/report.junit.xml | Coverage: /work/conformance/_artifacts/coverage/coverage.md