jakman85andClaude Opus 5
2acfed460a
The operator enrolled a phone, merged the peer, and `wg show` listed none. Measured on prod 2026-10-06 with the peer already on main: live wg-peers ConfigMap, active AllowedIPs .. 0 DaemonSet volume reference ................. configMap.name: wg-peers (FIXED) DaemonSet generation/observedGeneration .... 1 / 1 (never rolled) init container, all three pods ............. "0 peer(s)" Part of it was just the 10m reconcile interval. The defect is the fixed name: Flux updates a fixed-name ConfigMap IN PLACE, so the pod template is byte-identical, so no rollout is triggered -- and the init container assembles wg0.conf ONCE at pod start into a tmpfs, so the running tunnel keeps the old peer list indefinitely. Adding or revoking a peer had no effect until something unrelated restarted the pods. For a REVOCATION that is a security defect, not an inconvenience: delete a stanza, see a green PR, device keeps working. The runbook and README both claimed "PR -> merge -> Flux rolls the DaemonSet". Never true. And this repo already documents the fix, in a file I had read -- runbooks/kustomization.yaml: "The generated name carries kustomize's content hash, so editing any runbook rolls the server automatically and a stale projection is impossible." So: peers.yaml (inline ConfigMap) -> peers.conf (plain file) + a configMapGenerator. The operator's enrolled peer is carried across verbatim. Every line is WireGuard config and `#` is a legal comment there, so the documentation now lives inside the file that is actually mounted. `namespace: vpn-ingress` on the kustomization is REQUIRED, not tidiness: a generated ConfigMap inherits no namespace, everything else here declares vpn-ingress, and kustomize's nameReference will not rewrite across a namespace boundary -- without it the build mounts the unhashed name and the pods wedge on a missing volume. Caught only by building the output and reading the volumes. new-peer.sh: PEERS_FILE repointed, and a missing register is now FATAL rather than skipped -- the old `[ -r "$PEERS_FILE" ] && grep ...` guard meant that after the rename the only symptom would have been duplicate detection quietly never firing again. Stale peers.yaml references swept from six files including the script's own user-facing output. Verified: the DaemonSet now mounts wg-peers-m9kcckcb5t; the hash tracks content (edit -> dgg7ht9c74 -> restore -> m9kcckcb5t); the enrolled peer is byte-identical to main's; and `new-peer.sh dupe 2` is now correctly refused by the operator's real allocation. No sensitive paths; merges on a green gate. Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 (1M context) <[email protected]>
373 lines
25 KiB
YAML
373 lines
25 KiB
YAML
---
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# =================================================================================================
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# WireGuard remote-access listener — udp/51820 in the HOST network namespace, on every node.
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# =================================================================================================
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# WHY WireGuard AND NOT OpenVPN/IPsec. The requirement is "Android, Linux, Windows and other
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# computing clients", from anywhere on the internet, securely. WireGuard is the only option here
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# with a first-party client on all four platforms (official apps for Android/iOS/Windows/macOS, and
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# in-kernel on Linux since 5.6 — so Linux clients need no userspace daemon at all). It is also the
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# smallest attack surface of the three: one UDP port, ~4k lines of kernel code, no cipher
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# negotiation, no PKI, no user database, and — the property that actually matters for a port
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# exposed to the whole internet — it NEVER REPLIES to an unauthenticated packet. See README.
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#
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# -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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# hostNetwork: true — REQUIRED, not convenient. This is THE decision in this file.
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# -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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# A VPN client must behave like a machine plugged into the LAN. In Cilium, what a packet is ALLOWED
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# to reach is decided by the SECURITY IDENTITY of its source, and after any in-pod SNAT that
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# identity is the VPN pod's — not `world`. That distinction is not academic; it was MEASURED on
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# this cluster on 2026-10-04 (decisions/2026-10-04-plex-advertise-plexdirect.md): a curl of the
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# shared Gateway VIP from inside a pod returns `403 Access denied` from Envoy for **all 16**
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# Gateway hostnames, because Cilium's Gateway preserves the original source identity and enforces
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# the DESTINATION's ingress CiliumNetworkPolicy, and every app admits `reserved:ingress` plus named
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# peers — never an arbitrary pod. LAN browsers are allowed only because they arrive as
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# `reserved:world` / `reserved:host`.
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#
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# So a pod-networked WireGuard server would have handed remote clients a tunnel on which every
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# single cluster web UI returned 403 — plex, gitea, keycloak, nextcloud, grafana, headlamp, the
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# apex, all of them — while `wg show` reported a perfectly healthy tunnel. PiHole would have failed
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# the same way and worse: apps/wave-0/pihole-dns.yaml's ingress policy deliberately OMITS the
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# `cluster` entity, so VPN clients would not have been able to resolve `*.${BASE_DOMAIN}` either.
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# The VPN would have looked up and been useless, which is the worst failure shape available.
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#
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# In the host netns there is no pod identity to carry: forwarded client traffic is SNATed to the
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# NODE's address, so it reaches the Gateway, PiHole and every LAN host as `host`/`remote-node` —
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# exactly what a LAN client looks like. Three further problems disappear with it:
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# * net.ipv4.ip_forward is ALREADY 1 on these nodes (node_baseline writes it to
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# /etc/sysctl.d/99-k3s-cilium.conf), so no pod sysctl is needed — and `net.ipv4.ip_forward`
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# is NOT in the kubelet's safe-sysctl allowlist, so a pod-netns version of this would have
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# required `--allowed-unsafe-sysctls` on all three kubelets (a node-restart change).
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# COROLLARY LEARNED THE HARD WAY (prod, 2026-10-06): this pod must not merely avoid NEEDING
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# the sysctl, it must not ATTEMPT it. hostNetwork implies /proc/sys is mounted read-only, so
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# `sysctl -w` fails with EPERM regardless of capabilities, and wg-quick treats a failed PostUp
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# as fatal and deletes the interface. Verify the value; never write it.
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# * no LoadBalancer VIP, so no CiliumL2AnnouncementPolicy lease lottery (the defect that cost
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# this LAN an 8-day Minecraft outage) and no `externalTrafficPolicy` trade-off at all.
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# * no double encapsulation. WireGuard's UDP lands on the node's own NIC, so the underlay is a
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# flat 1500-byte LAN path, not Cilium's 1450-byte VXLAN.
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#
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# hostNetwork is PERMITTED here, and not by accident: platform/kyverno/policies/
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# restrict-host-namespaces.yaml matches `namespaceSelector: app-namespace=true` only, and names
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# this exact carve-out in its own comment ("platform components that do -- e.g. Cilium,
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# node-exporter -- live in platform namespaces that do NOT carry the app-namespace label").
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# namespace.yaml is deliberately unlabelled. THE COST IS REAL AND IS STATED: a hostNetwork pod
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# bypasses the Cilium datapath, so NO NetworkPolicy constrains this workload (see
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# networkpolicy.yaml, which says so rather than pretending otherwise). The boundary protecting
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# this port is WireGuard's own cryptographic peer authentication, not the CNI.
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#
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# -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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# A DaemonSet, not a single-replica Deployment.
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# -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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# The WAN port-forward on the SOHO router points at ONE node address, by hand, off-repo (same shape
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# as the plex tcp/32400 forward — runbooks/plex-remote-access.md). A Deployment would float to
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# whichever node the scheduler picked and silently invalidate that forward on every reschedule. A
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# DaemonSet instead puts an identical warm listener on ALL THREE nodes: the forward names one of
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# them, and if that node is lost, FAILOVER IS A ONE-LINE ROUTER CHANGE with no cluster work and no
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# new client profiles — every node answers the same keys. Each node binds udp/51820 in its own
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# netns, so there is no conflict, and the two idle listeners cost ~15 MiB each.
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#
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# All three nodes carry no taints (measured 2026-10-05), so no tolerations are needed for the
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# DaemonSet to cover the cluster; add them if a node is ever tainted.
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apiVersion: apps/v1
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kind: DaemonSet
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metadata:
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name: wireguard
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namespace: vpn-ingress
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labels:
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app.kubernetes.io/name: vpn-ingress
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spec:
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selector:
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matchLabels:
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app.kubernetes.io/name: vpn-ingress
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# One node at a time, so a rollout never takes every listener down at once. The node named by the
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# router's forward does drop for a few seconds during its own replacement; clients re-handshake
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# automatically (WireGuard retries every 5s, and rekeys every 2 minutes regardless).
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updateStrategy:
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type: RollingUpdate
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rollingUpdate:
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maxUnavailable: 1
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template:
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metadata:
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labels:
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app.kubernetes.io/name: vpn-ingress
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# Declared for documentation and for symmetry with the app tier. It MUST be `internet`, and
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# the value is load-bearing rather than cosmetic: platform/vpn-egress/egress-steering.yaml's
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# CiliumEgressGatewayPolicy selects `egress-class: vpn` pods CLUSTER-WIDE, with no namespace
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# scope. Setting `vpn` here would steer every remote client's internet traffic out the PIA
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# tunnel instead of the house WAN — the opposite of the requirement, and it would look like
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# a working VPN with a mysterious foreign exit IP. (The selector matches on the pod label,
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# so hostNetwork does not exempt this pod from being selected.)
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homelab.keithjackson.dev/egress-class: internet
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# WireGuard authenticates its own peers by public key; there is no UI and no IdP hop.
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homelab.keithjackson.dev/auth-mode: native
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spec:
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# See the long rationale at the head of this file. ClusterFirstWithHostNet keeps in-cluster
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# DNS working for the pod itself despite hostNetwork (without it the pod inherits the NODE's
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# resolv.conf, which points at public resolvers).
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hostNetwork: true
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dnsPolicy: ClusterFirstWithHostNet
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automountServiceAccountToken: false
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# ── Assemble the running config: PUBLIC peer register (git) + PRIVATE server key (Secret) ──
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# The two halves are deliberately stored apart (peers.conf explains why) and are only ever
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# joined here, at pod start, into a tmpfs that is destroyed with the pod. The server's private
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# key is therefore never written to any node's disk, never committed, and never logged.
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initContainers:
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- name: assemble-config
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image: lscr.io/linuxserver/wireguard:1.0.20260223-r0-ls124
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imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
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# POSIX sh. Note on $ handling: this script is rendered through Flux's envsubst (the
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# `vpn-ingress` Kustomization declares postBuild.substituteFrom), so `${WG_CLIENT_CIDR}`
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# below IS substituted on purpose — it is a declared cluster-vars knob. Every SHELL
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# variable is written bare (`$net`, `$(cmd)`), which envsubst leaves untouched. There is
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# deliberately NO braced shell-variable form anywhere in here: braces are what envsubst
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# consumes, so a shell variable written that way silently renders to the empty string.
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# (ci: flux-postbuild-substitution enforces this, and caught this very comment when it
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# first spelled the hazard out literally — the check reads comments too, correctly.)
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command:
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- /bin/sh
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- -c
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- |
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set -eu
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umask 077
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mkdir -p /config/wg_confs
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# Derive the server's own tunnel address from the single CIDR knob, so there is no
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# second knob to keep in agreement: 10.90.0.0/24 -> 10.90.0.1/24.
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net=${WG_CLIENT_CIDR}
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mask=$(echo "$net" | cut -d/ -f2)
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base=$(echo "$net" | cut -d/ -f1 | cut -d. -f1-3)
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# The key arrives as a Secret file; strip any trailing newline the operator's shell
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# added, or wg-quick rejects the config with "Key is not the correct length or format".
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key=$(tr -d ' \r\n' < /run/wg-server-key/privatekey)
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# VALIDATE, don't just check for empty. The Secret ships committed with a REPLACE-ME
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# placeholder so the GitOps wiring is complete before the key exists, so the common
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# failure is a value that is present and WRONG — a placeholder, a public key pasted by
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# mistake, or a SOPS document that reached the cluster undecrypted (ENC[...], which
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# happens if an overlay is missing its `vpn-ingress` decryption patch). `wg pubkey`
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# accepts a value only if it is a real 32-byte curve25519 private key, so it rejects
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# all four. Without this the bad value would be written into wg0.conf and the pod would
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# fail later and less legibly, or come up with a server nobody can handshake with.
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if ! printf '%s' "$key" | wg pubkey >/dev/null 2>&1; then
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echo "FATAL: the server private key in Secret 'wg-server-key' is not a valid" >&2
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echo " WireGuard private key (wg pubkey rejected it)." >&2
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if [ -z "$key" ]; then
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echo " It is EMPTY." >&2
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elif [ "$key" = "REPLACE-ME" ]; then
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echo " It is still the committed REPLACE-ME PLACEHOLDER — the key has not" >&2
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echo " been generated yet. This is the expected state on a fresh install." >&2
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else
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# `case`, NOT a dollar-brace prefix-strip. This manifest is rendered through
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# envsubst, which consumes every dollar-brace expansion it sees, so a shell
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# parameter expansion here renders to the empty string and silently disables this
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# very branch. `case` uses no braces, so there is nothing to escape.
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# (ci: flux-postbuild-substitution caught both the original expansion AND the
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# first version of this comment, which spelled the hazard out literally.)
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case "$key" in
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ENC\[*)
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echo " It is still SOPS CIPHERTEXT (starts with ENC[). The Secret" >&2
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echo " reached the cluster undecrypted — check that this environment's" >&2
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echo " overlay carries the 'vpn-ingress' decryption patch." >&2
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;;
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esac
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fi
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echo " Fix: runbooks/vpn-remote-access.md step 2." >&2
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exit 1
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fi
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# The pod shares the HOST netns, so this reads the node's real setting. Reading
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# /proc/sys is permitted even though writing is not (see the PostUp note below).
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# Fail closed: a tunnel that comes up but cannot forward would look healthy to every
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# probe here and simply drop every client's traffic.
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if ! grep -qx 1 /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward; then
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echo "FATAL: net.ipv4.ip_forward is 0 on this node, so forwarded VPN traffic would" >&2
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echo " be dropped. This pod CANNOT set it: with hostNetwork the runtime mounts" >&2
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echo " /proc/sys read-only, because it is the host's global setting." >&2
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echo " Fix on the NODE: run the node_baseline role (it writes" >&2
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echo " /etc/sysctl.d/99-k3s-cilium.conf) — runbooks/vpn-remote-access.md step 1." >&2
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exit 1
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fi
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{
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echo '[Interface]'
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echo "Address = $base.1/$mask"
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echo 'ListenPort = 51820'
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# 1420 = 1500 (flat LAN/WAN path to the node's own NIC) - 60 bytes of WireGuard
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# encapsulation (20 IPv4 + 8 UDP + 32 WireGuard). This is also what wg-quick would
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# auto-derive, but it is pinned because the symptom of getting it wrong is the
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# nastiest kind: handshakes and SSH work while large packets (HTTPS, file copies)
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# hang. Inner packets stay under Cilium's 1450-byte VXLAN MTU too, so reaching a
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# cluster pod does not fragment either.
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echo 'MTU = 1420'
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printf 'PrivateKey = %s\n' "$key"
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# ── Forwarding + SNAT, applied in the HOST netns when wg0 comes up ──
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# NO `sysctl -w net.ipv4.ip_forward=1` HERE. It is IMPOSSIBLE from this pod and it was
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# the only thing stopping the tunnel coming up — MEASURED on prod 2026-10-06:
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# [#] sysctl -q -w net.ipv4.ip_forward=1
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# sysctl: permission denied on key "net.ipv4.ip_forward"
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# [#] ip link delete dev wg0
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# and wg-quick then tore the whole tunnel down. The cause is not a missing
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# capability: with `hostNetwork: true` the runtime mounts /proc/sys READ-ONLY in the
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# container (confirmed in /proc/mounts: `proc /proc/sys proc ro,...`), precisely
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# because those sysctls are the HOST's globals and a container must not rewrite
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# them. CAP_NET_ADMIN does not and cannot lift a read-only mount.
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# It was never needed anyway: node_baseline writes net.ipv4.ip_forward=1 to
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# /etc/sysctl.d/99-k3s-cilium.conf, and reading it from this pod returns 1. The
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# init container now VERIFIES that (a read, which /proc/sys does allow) and fails
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# closed with a pointed message, which is what the write was pretending to achieve.
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# SNAT client traffic to the node's address. REQUIRED: without it a LAN host would
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# reply to 10.90.0.x, find no route, hand the packet to the router, and the router
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# would drop it — so every connection would hang rather than fail. Matching on
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# `! -o wg0` rather than a named `-o eth0` keeps this independent of the node's NIC
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# name. Each rule is add-if-absent so a pod killed without PostDown does not
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# accumulate duplicates in the host's tables across restarts.
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echo "PostUp = iptables -t nat -C POSTROUTING -s $net ! -o wg0 -j MASQUERADE 2>/dev/null || iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -s $net ! -o wg0 -j MASQUERADE"
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echo 'PostUp = iptables -C FORWARD -i wg0 -j ACCEPT 2>/dev/null || iptables -A FORWARD -i wg0 -j ACCEPT'
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echo 'PostUp = iptables -C FORWARD -o wg0 -j ACCEPT 2>/dev/null || iptables -A FORWARD -o wg0 -j ACCEPT'
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echo "PostDown = iptables -t nat -D POSTROUTING -s $net ! -o wg0 -j MASQUERADE 2>/dev/null || true"
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echo 'PostDown = iptables -D FORWARD -i wg0 -j ACCEPT 2>/dev/null || true'
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echo 'PostDown = iptables -D FORWARD -o wg0 -j ACCEPT 2>/dev/null || true'
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echo ''
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} > /config/wg_confs/wg0.conf
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cat /run/wg-peers/peers.conf >> /config/wg_confs/wg0.conf
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chmod 600 /config/wg_confs/wg0.conf
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# Report the SHAPE of the result, never its content — the file now holds the server's
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# private key, and a log line is a transcript (CLAUDE.md §6).
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echo "wg0.conf assembled: $(grep -c '^\[Peer\]' /config/wg_confs/wg0.conf || true) peer(s), server $base.1/$mask, udp/51820."
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securityContext:
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runAsUser: 0
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allowPrivilegeEscalation: false
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capabilities:
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drop:
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- ALL
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resources:
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requests:
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cpu: 10m
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memory: 16Mi
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limits:
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memory: 64Mi
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volumeMounts:
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- { name: wg-config, mountPath: /config }
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- { name: wg-server-key, mountPath: /run/wg-server-key, readOnly: true }
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- { name: wg-peers, mountPath: /run/wg-peers, readOnly: true }
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containers:
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- name: wireguard
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# linuxserver/wireguard — provides wg, wg-quick and iptables on a maintained, multi-arch
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# base. Pinned to the full upstream+build tag (1.0.20260223, published 2026-10-01) rather
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# than `latest`, per the crafty/oauth2-proxy convention; Renovate maintains it.
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#
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# NO `PEERS` ENV IS SET, DELIBERATELY. With PEERS the image runs in "server mode" and
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# GENERATES keypairs at runtime — which would put the authoritative peer list on a
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# container filesystem instead of in git, and (worse) print client private keys and QR
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# codes into the POD LOG, where they would be readable by anyone with log access and
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# shipped to Loki. Supplying our own /config/wg_confs/wg0.conf selects the image's
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# bring-up-what-you-are-given path instead.
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image: lscr.io/linuxserver/wireguard:1.0.20260223-r0-ls124
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imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
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env:
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- name: TZ
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value: "America/Chicago"
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ports:
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# hostNetwork, so containerPort IS the node port. Declared for documentation and so
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# `kubectl get pod -o wide` shows what this listener owns.
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- { name: wireguard, containerPort: 51820, hostPort: 51820, protocol: UDP }
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securityContext:
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# NET_ADMIN is the whole privilege budget: create the wg0 link and write the netfilter
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# rules above. (It does NOT let the pod set a host sysctl — /proc/sys is read-only under
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# hostNetwork — which is why nothing here tries.) Everything else is dropped, and the
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# container is
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# NOT privileged — which also keeps it clear of restrict-host-namespaces' second rule.
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# SYS_MODULE is deliberately NOT granted: the `wireguard` module is loaded by the node
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# (infra/ansible/roles/node_baseline, node_baseline_kernel_modules), so this container
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# never needs to load a kernel module. If the module is missing the pod CrashLoops with
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# a clear wg-quick error rather than quietly falling back to slow userspace WireGuard.
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allowPrivilegeEscalation: false
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capabilities:
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drop:
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- ALL
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add:
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- NET_ADMIN
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# readOnlyRootFilesystem intentionally UNSET: the image's s6 init writes under /run and
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# /var during startup. Same deferral as crafty/headlamp.
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#
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# EXPECTED, HARMLESS STARTUP NOISE — do not "fix" it. Because capabilities are dropped
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# to NET_ADMIN only, the image's s6 init cannot chown /config (no CAP_CHOWN) and logs a
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# run of `chown: ... Operation not permitted` plus "Permissions could not be set. This
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# is probably because your volume mounts are remote or read-only" and a scary "we will
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# not provide support for it". It is wrong about the cause and it does not matter:
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# /config is a writable tmpfs emptyDir, everything here runs as root (uid 0) anyway, and
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# wg-quick proceeds normally — verified on prod 2026-10-06, where the tunnel's only
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# failure was the sysctl above, well past these warnings. Granting CAP_CHOWN to silence
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# log noise would widen the privilege set of an internet-facing pod for nothing.
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resources:
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requests:
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cpu: 25m
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memory: 32Mi
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limits:
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# Kernel WireGuard does its crypto in the KERNEL, not in this container, so throughput
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# does not consume the container's budget. The limit covers s6 plus the tmpfs holding
|
|
# wg0.conf (a memory-medium emptyDir counts against this).
|
|
memory: 128Mi
|
|
# `wg show wg0` exits non-zero when the interface is absent, which is the one failure that
|
|
# matters and the one that a port probe cannot see: a crashed or never-created wg0 leaves
|
|
# udp/51820 silent, and WireGuard is silent to unauthenticated traffic ANYWAY, so "nothing
|
|
# answers" is indistinguishable from "working" from the outside. This probe is the only
|
|
# thing that tells the difference.
|
|
startupProbe:
|
|
exec:
|
|
command: ["sh", "-c", "wg show wg0 >/dev/null"]
|
|
periodSeconds: 5
|
|
failureThreshold: 24
|
|
livenessProbe:
|
|
exec:
|
|
command: ["sh", "-c", "wg show wg0 >/dev/null"]
|
|
periodSeconds: 30
|
|
failureThreshold: 3
|
|
volumeMounts:
|
|
- { name: wg-config, mountPath: /config }
|
|
# Read-only so the image can SEE whether the kernel module is present and fail with a
|
|
# real message. It cannot load one (no SYS_MODULE) — that is the node's job.
|
|
- { name: lib-modules, mountPath: /lib/modules, readOnly: true }
|
|
volumes:
|
|
# tmpfs. The assembled wg0.conf contains the server's private key, so it must never land on
|
|
# a node's disk — `medium: Memory` guarantees that and guarantees it is gone when the pod is.
|
|
- name: wg-config
|
|
emptyDir:
|
|
medium: Memory
|
|
# 8Mi, not 1Mi: /config is this image's whole config ROOT, not just our one file — its
|
|
# s6 init also writes templates and state there, and a tmpfs that small would ENOSPC
|
|
# during startup rather than at a point anyone would connect to the volume size. Still
|
|
# counted against the container's 128Mi limit, and still far more than wg0.conf needs.
|
|
sizeLimit: 8Mi
|
|
# The ONLY secret in this component. SOPS-encrypted IN THIS TREE (R-SEC-01, spec docs/07) as
|
|
# wg-server-key.sops.yaml, delivered by Flux, referenced here by name only (R-IDP-04).
|
|
#
|
|
# It ships committed with a REPLACE-ME placeholder: an agent must not mint a long-lived
|
|
# private key (CLAUDE.md §6), so the operator generates it and `sops set`s it in
|
|
# (runbooks/vpn-remote-access.md step 2). Shipping the encrypted placeholder rather than no
|
|
# file at all is what lets the resource line and both overlay decryption patches be present
|
|
# and GREEN from the first commit — the alternative, a commented-out resource to uncomment
|
|
# later, is exactly the "file in git with no generator entry: reviewed, merged, apparently
|
|
# done, still broken" shape this repo keeps getting bitten by.
|
|
#
|
|
# DR: in git means a cluster rebuild restores it with everything else — the property an
|
|
# out-of-band `kubectl create secret` would NOT have had, and losing this key means
|
|
# re-enrolling every device because each client profile pins its public half. Velero also
|
|
# captures this namespace (its `daily` schedule excludes only `monitoring` and `unifi`).
|
|
# Keep a password-manager copy too: that is the one that survives losing cluster AND backups.
|
|
- name: wg-server-key
|
|
secret:
|
|
secretName: wg-server-key
|
|
defaultMode: 0400
|
|
items:
|
|
- { key: privatekey, path: privatekey }
|
|
- name: wg-peers
|
|
configMap:
|
|
name: wg-peers
|
|
- name: lib-modules
|
|
hostPath:
|
|
path: /lib/modules
|
|
type: Directory
|