"That's where backups will go for the time being until a better on-prem backup
solution is created." Two reasons beyond the (negligible) cost:
1. Prod CANNOT reach the on-Proxmox MinIO. Prod is on the SOHO network
192.168.2.0/24 — pfSense's WAN — while that MinIO sits inside pfSense's LAN.
Measured from a pod inside prod: connection timed out after 15s. R2 needs no
firewall change.
2. That MinIO runs on the SAME Proxmox host as dev's VMs, so dev's
"off-cluster" backup shared a physical failure domain with dev — one host
loss took the cluster AND its backups. R2 is genuinely off-site.
COST, measured rather than estimated (read straight out of the buckets):
velero 4.0 GiB / 6,264 objects (7d retention; 8.65 GB live -> kopia dedup)
cnpg 211 MiB / 1,755 objects (keycloak 66Mi/331, nextcloud 87Mi/1329,
semaphore 58Mi/95; ~7d of a 30d window)
Both clusters project to ~13-15 GiB and ~30k writes/month => pennies on R2, and
free egress means restore REHEARSALS cost nothing, so R-STATE-03 has no financial
disincentive to stay proven. Wasabi/Hetzner are 50-200x worse here purely because
of 1 TB minimums; Glacier tiers are a trap (90-day minimum billing against a
7-day Velero retention plus early-delete fees on 30-day WAL pruning).
*** THE R2 GOTCHA, WIRED UP FRONT: checksumAlgorithm: "" ***
velero-plugin-for-aws v1.14.2 bundles an AWS SDK that sends
x-amz-sdk-checksum-algorithm / x-amz-checksum-crc32 on every PUT. R2 REJECTS
those with HTTP 400 InvalidArgument, so every backup and every kopia blob upload
would fail. Set unconditionally — MinIO ignores it, so it needs no fork.
`region` was hardcoded us-east-1 inside the Velero HelmRelease: correct-by-
accident for MinIO (which ignores it) and WRONG for R2 (which demands exactly
`auto`). Now the S3_BACKUP_REGION knob.
PREFIXES ARE NOW SYMMETRIC (dev/prod), reversing the reasoning from two commits
ago. While the target was MinIO, dev HAD to keep the bucket root or it would
orphan the backups its proven restore depends on. R2 starts BOTH clusters on an
empty bucket, so there is no history to orphan — and leaving the bucket root
unused means a misrendered prefix lands somewhere obviously wrong instead of
silently colliding with a real environment.
NEITHER OVERLAY PINS THE ENDPOINT ANY MORE — a deliberate reversal of this
repo's "prod must never inherit base" rule. That rule exists because base
defaults are dev's LAN addresses; R2 is a single environment-INDEPENDENT endpoint,
so under R-ENV-02 it belongs in base, and two copies of one URL is a rotation
waiting to drift. Isolation comes from the path knobs, not the URL. Caught while
verifying: dev's overlay DID still pin MinIO, so dev would have taken the new
`dev` prefix while writing to the old endpoint — orphaning its MinIO backups for
no benefit. That is why the endpoint and the prefixes must move in ONE commit.
*** MERGING THIS RESETS DEV'S PITR WINDOW. *** Dev's R2 prefix starts empty:
Velero writes a fresh kopia repo, CNPG takes new base backups, the 30-day Barman
window rebuilds from zero. The MinIO copy is NOT deleted and stays restorable by
pointing the endpoint back. Do not merge while dev's proven restore is the only
recovery path you rely on.
STILL BLOCKED ON THE OPERATOR: the endpoint is the loud placeholder
https://TBD-R2-ACCOUNT-ID.r2.cloudflarestorage.com. Creating the R2 buckets and
an API token needs Cloudflare account access I do not have (the token in this
repo is Zone:DNS scoped). Velero+R2 and CNPG-barman+R2 are also UNPROVEN here and
must be verified by an actual backup AND restore, not just an upload.
VERIFIED: full CI gate PASS. Rendered both overlays — dev dev/s3://cnpg/dev,
prod prod/s3://cnpg/prod, region auto, one shared endpoint.
Refs R-STATE-03, R-ENV-02, R-IDP-05.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 <[email protected]>
clusters/
Flux entrypoints and the environment-overlay model (R-ENV-02, R-GITOPS-01/02/03).
Governing spec: docs/05-gitops-and-delivery.md,
docs/02-environments-and-provisioning.md,
ADR-0004 (Flux).
Phase 0 scaffolding only. These are structurally-correct stubs. No cluster exists — nothing here reconciles until WS-INFRA delivers a cluster and bootstraps Flux (roadmap Phase 1).
Layout — base + overlay (never fork the base)
clusters/
base/ shared Flux objects (one authoring, both environments)
flux-system.yaml GitRepository — the reconciliation source (bootstrap → Gitea)
platform.yaml Flux Kustomization → ./platform (reconciles first)
apps-wave-0.yaml Flux Kustomization → ./apps/wave-0 (dependsOn platform-config)
apps-wave-1.yaml Flux Kustomization → ./apps/wave-1 (dependsOn apps-wave-0)
apps-wave-2.yaml Flux Kustomization → ./apps/wave-N (dependsOn apps-wave-N-1)
cluster-vars.yaml ConfigMap of overlay knobs (BASE defaults)
kustomization.yaml
dev/ ACTIVE build target — patches cluster-vars with dev values only
kustomization.yaml
prod/ DESIGN-ONLY until roadmap Phase 7 — patches cluster-vars with prod values only
kustomization.yaml
How the overlay model satisfies R-ENV-02
The base authors the reconciliation graph once. platform.yaml and the app-wave Kustomizations
(apps-wave-0/1/2.yaml — the single apps.yaml was retired; apps-vms.yaml deliberately omits it,
see below) declare postBuild.substituteFrom the cluster-vars ConfigMap. Platform and
app manifests use ${TOKEN} placeholders for every value that legitimately differs between
environments (issuer, replica counts, storage sizes, retention, node placement).
clusters/dev and clusters/prod differ ONLY by the values they patch into cluster-vars —
they add no resources of their own and never copy/fork a base manifest. Promotion to prod
(docs/02) is a change to the
prod overlay's variables, nothing else.
LAN addressing is a knob, not a literal (fixed 2026-08-31)
Until 2026-08-31 the base manifests hardcoded the dev LAN: the k3s API host Cilium dials, the
Cilium LB IP pool range, the pinned crafty/unifi L4 VIPs and the off-cluster S3 backup endpoint. That
broke R-ENV-02 outright — clusters/prod would have rendered dev addresses (192.168.1.x) onto the
prod LAN (192.168.2.x). They are now the cluster-vars "LAN addressing" block
(K3S_API_HOST, CILIUM_LB_POOL_START/_STOP, UNIFI_L4_VIP, CRAFTY_L4_VIP,
S3_BACKUP_ENDPOINT, alongside the pre-existing GATEWAY_VIP), set explicitly by BOTH overlays.
Two rules when touching that block:
- Substitution coverage. A
${TOKEN}only resolves in a path whose Flux Kustomization declarespostBuild.substituteFrom: cluster-vars; anywhere else the literal string${TOKEN}ships to the cluster.apps-vmswas the one path without it and now has it — which means every shell${...}in a VM manifest's cloud-init must be escaped$${...}(seeclusters/base/apps-vms.yamlfor the full envsubst escape contract). GATEWAY_VIPmust be insideCILIUM_LB_POOL_START..STOP, and in practice equal to START: thesharedGateway pins no address, so Cilium LB-IPAM gives it the pool's first free IP while split-horizon CoreDNS answers with${GATEWAY_VIP}. A VIP outside the pool blackholes in-cluster hairpin traffic while the Gateway still looks healthy.
Values the operator has not decided are TBD-PROD-* placeholders, not guesses: prod inherits the
DEV base defaults if an overlay op is simply omitted, so an invalid value that fails loudly is
strictly safer than a plausible one that quietly comes up on the wrong network.
How Flux is pointed at an environment
flux bootstrap (run by WS-INFRA in Phase 1) targets one environment's path per cluster:
# dev cluster
flux bootstrap ... --path=clusters/dev
# prod cluster (Phase 7 only — design-only until then)
flux bootstrap ... --path=clusters/prod
Bootstrap materializes the flux-system Kustomization that renders the chosen overlay, which pulls
in base/ and applies the env-scoped cluster-vars.
Reconciliation order
GitRepository (flux-system)
│
▼
Kustomization: platform (./platform, substituteFrom cluster-vars)
│ healthy
▼
Kustomization: apps-wave-0 (./apps/wave-0, dependsOn platform-config, substituteFrom cluster-vars)
│ healthy
▼
Kustomization: apps-wave-1 (./apps/wave-1, dependsOn apps-wave-0)
│ healthy
▼
Kustomization: apps-wave-N (./apps/wave-N, dependsOn apps-wave-N-1)
Wave 0 dependsOn platform-config (transitively platform) so CNI/storage/TLS/DNS/gateway
exist before any workload reconciles. The app tier is split into dependency-ordered WAVES
(catalog/render.py --emit-waves): each apps-wave-<N> health-gates (wait:true) ONLY its own
wave, so a crashloop in a later wave can no longer stall an earlier wave or block new revisions.
See DESIGN-waves.md for the wave table + cutover runbook.
TODOs (later phases — do not action in Phase 0)
- Source cutover (WS-GITOPS, Phase 6):
base/flux-system.yamlcurrently points at the bootstrap source. After Gitea is onboarded, repointspec.urltogitea.home.keithjackson.devand keep an off-cluster mirror (specdocs/05"Source-of-truth",CONTRIBUTING.md). - SOPS decryption (WS-SEC, Phase 1): add
spec.decryption.provider: sops(age secret name only, never plaintext) to the platform/apps Kustomizations once the age key is bootstrapped (ADR-0007). - Split ordered Flux Kustomizations if intra-platform ordering needs to be explicit (e.g. a
separate
cilium/longhornKustomization othersdependsOn).